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Bruce effect
The Bruce effect, or pregnancy block, is the tendency for female rodents to terminate their pregnancies following exposure to the scent of an unfamiliar male. The effect was first noted in 1959 by Hilda M. Bruce, and has primarily been studied in laboratory mice (''Mus musculus'').〔 In mice, pregnancy can only be terminated prior to embryo implantation, but other species will interrupt even a late-term pregnancy.
The Bruce effect is also observed in deer-mice, meadow voles, collared lemmings, geladas, and it has also been proposed, but not confirmed, in other non-rodent species such as the lion.
==Discovery==
In an experiment published in 1959, zoologist Hilda Bruce of the National Institute for Medical Research in London housed pregnant mice with male mice that were not the father of the carried embryo. As a result, the rate of miscarriages increased, followed by mating with the new male. No increased rate of miscarriages occurred when pregnant mice were paired with castrated or juvenile male mice.〔 The effect remained when the male mice were kept out of sight or hearing of the females. This suggested that females were distinguishing the males by smell. To test this hypothesis, Bruce and her colleague Alan Parkes recruited perfumers to smell pieces of cloth from the mouse cages. The perfumers could distinguish the smells of different mouse strains.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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